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The Living Forest (163) : Nipple Galls

The Living Forest (163) : Nipple Galls

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Mark Billiau.


Premium (World), region Antwerp, Belgium

The Living Forest (163) : Nipple Galls

Galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant or tree tissues and can be caused by various parasites, mostly by insects like gall wasps and gall gnats, but also some bacteria and mites can be the origin.

The gall insects lay their eggs on the leaf surface and at the same time secrete a chemical that causes the cells on the leaf surface to expand and grow over the eggs forming the gall.

The larvae then feed inside the gall until fully grown, completely protected against predators, cold and rain.

Galls are not really spectacular, but some are quite colourful like these Nipple Galls (coming from a gall gnat) growing on Beech leaves.
Fortunately, galls caused by insects are harmless to the tree.

Dutch name : Tepelgal
German name : Nippelgalle
Latin name : Mikiola fagi

Other gall species can be seen here

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